Child Pornography Is An Acceptable And Unavoidable Work...

People in the adult film industry are exposed to sexually transmitted infections in the workplace. There are no other legal occupations in America where the exposure to diseases is an acceptable and unavoidable work practice. This paper will go into depth about some of the risks that adult film workers face, the prevalence of STIs in the adult film industry, whether or not the industry should be regulated, and some potential policy implementations for the future health of adult film workers. Every year up to 11,000 adult films are made in the US alone. It is a multi billion-dollar industry that employs approximately 75% women. In California, where most adult films in the US are made, there are up to 1,500 adult film workers. There†¦show more content†¦Only 3% of penile-vaginal sex scenes and 9.5% of penile-anal intercourse in heterosexual films showed condom usage. In homosexual films, the researchers noted that 80% of penile-anal sex scenes showed condoms. In both homo sexual and heterosexual movies, there was 0% of condom usage for penile-oral contact (Grudzen, et al. 2009). These statistics suggest that condom usage among male homosexuals is more socially acceptable because of the higher prevalence of HIV in that community. The low usage of condoms in heterosexual films also suggests that OSHA compliance in the Californian adult film industry needs to be more heavily regulated (Grudzen, et al., 2009). In 2004, there was a cluster of HIV infections in the Californian adult film industry. Although adult film workers are supposed to voluntarily get tested monthly for HIV and other STIs, there is still a window of time where the HIV virus is not detectable by test. It was during this window that a man infected 3 female adult film workers with HIV. He had his monthly test on February 12, 2004 and on March 17th, 2004 and was negative both times, yet he tested positive on April 20th 2004. The adult film actor experienced a flu-like illness while f ilming in Brazil, but it resolved after he flew back. While he was back in the US, he had unprotected sex with 13 women, and 3 of them later tested positive for HIV after testing negative the previous month. Thankfully,

Essay about Genetic Engineering - 1028 Words

Genetic Engineering When we envision our future, we usually imagine a future free of disease and physical sickness, but have you ever wondered how a disease-free society will be accomplished? In the twenty-first century our world will be a very different place because of genetic manipulation and engineering. There are many pros and cons to this debate, but it is undeniable that the effects from the new revelations in the field of genetics are far-reaching and deep impacting. Genetic engineering is a radical new technology, one that breaks down fundamental barriers, not only between species, but also between humans, animals, and plants. By combining the genes of dissimilar and unrelated species, permanently altering their genetic†¦show more content†¦Mixing the genetic properties of unrelated species carries with is such risks as creating life-threatening allergic reactions in humans, or more resilient crop pests, weeds, and bacteria (Hawaleshka). Uses of these genetically engineered products are just now being done and allowed into our shared food supply, and now is the time to try to stop it. It is always easier to stop something when it is first starting than after it becomes established in our mindsets and our economic system. Now is the time when we are conscious enough to be horrified. We will get more and more indoctrinated to the genetic engineering ideas until we cannot even remember what it was like to trust God and have caution about tinkering with such things. I think we should use our horror well, and now. This issue gets much harder if we wait until it is established, if we accept their framing that it is a fait accomplished, and you better get used to it. That disempowers the very principle of democracy better than any foreign country ever has, and leaves us to be victims nibbling at the edges of corporate policy, instead of sovereign citizens declaring our vision of the world we want our shared future to be. Some see genetic engineering as just more tinkering, but we are crossing species barriers for the first time, and we really do not know what that looks like, even if we think the risk is small. Just the genetic engineering process itself bringsShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering ( Genetic Modification )991 Words   |  4 PagesRevised HOMEWORK 1 (a) Genetic engineering (genetic modification) is a process by which an organism’s genome can be modified using various biotechnology techniques. The process involves manipulating the DNA of an organism or transferring genes into an organism to create a new and improved version. DNA sequences of certain organisms are inserted into different organisms or within the same organism to help us obtain favorable outcomes. Genetic engineering can be used to increase the disease resistanceRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Human Engineering3020 Words   |  13 PagesGenetic engineering is a highly debated topic across the world right now as countries are split for and against genetically altering crops and livestock. The simple definition for genetic engineering according to CSIRO is â€Å"The use of modern biotechnology techniques to change genes of an organism, such as plant or animal.†(CSIRO, 2007) The techniques or steps to genetic engineering are quite technical. The first stage of genetic engineering is to isolate the DNA from the organism. Once the DNA strandRead MoreGenetic Engineering In Our Food.. Genetic Engineering,1514 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Engineering in Our Food Genetic Engineering, more accurately referred to as â€Å"Bioballistics† a process where a small metal projectile is covered in plasmid DNA is fired at a small petri dish where Germ Cells of another organism awaits. The disruption of the cells delicate state causes destabilization, and the cells stabilize elements from both the fired DNA and the Germ cells merge. This process did not exist until quite recently, between the years 1983 and 1986 the first Gene Gun was developedRead MoreThe Process Of Genetic Engineering2336 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is genetic engineering? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1 History of genetic modified food--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 The process of genetic engineering in crop (plant) --------------------------------------------- 2.0 Genetic modified crops worldwide----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 Leading countries implementing genetic engineering------------------------------------------Read MoreGenetic Engineering Of A Food979 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic Engineering Agitation Imagine a world where medicines are taken by eating bananas, there are no shots, where tomatoes outlive frosts, plants are pesticide resistant, and one can get their recommended daily vitamins from rice. These occurrences are real, and they have succeeded. Scientist who study biotechnology use genetic engineering to create healthier and longer lasting food. This new technology is evolutionary and has many benefits, but it also has downfalls. Genetic engineering, or geneticallyRead MoreWhat Are Genetic Engineering?1634 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies include endowment of nutrient supplements, enrichment of processed foods to contain more nutrient content, and enhancement of staple crops with increases essential nutrient contents, known as biofortification (Zhu et al., 2007). Genetic engineering (GE) has proven to be the consistent approach for biofortification due to the limitless diversity available within the specific gene pools of the staple foods and can, therefore, be implemented directly to cultivars without the complex breedingRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Science And The Economy1495 Words   |  6 Pagesordered main course would preferably be prepared baked, fried, or genetically engineered. Though odd, this question is coming sooner than later. Even though genetic engineering has been around for a long time, due to its increased advances, no longer is it an ignored issue. In fact, it is causing quite a controversy. Some feel, genetic engineering is a scientist s way of playing God, creating elements and bodies that were not intended to be on Earth. Possibly, there is some truth to this belief;Read More Genetic Engineering Essay example2745 Words   |  11 PagesGenetic Engineering There are many risks involved in genetic engineering. The release of genetically altered organisms in the environment can increase human suffering, decrease animal welfare, and lead to ecological disasters. The containment of biotechnological material in laboratories and industrial plants contributes to the risk of accidental release, especially if the handling and storage are inadequate. The purely political dangers include intensified economic inequality, the possibilityRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetic Modification1518 Words   |  7 Pageswrite my paper about Genetic engineering also known as genetic modification. In a nutshell genetic engineering is the modification of an organism s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. This topic has been researched for decades but still has quite some time to be fully mastered in all possible circumstan ces. When I think of genetic engineering I think of differentRead MoreThe Genetic Engineering of Human Food1924 Words   |  8 Pages Genetic Engineering refers to the direct manipulation of the genetic information of living beings. The genes, embedded in the DNA, are the blueprints of life which determine particular traits in an organism. With Biotechnology, Genetic Engineers are able to replace these genes from one organism to another, resulting in completely new combinations of traits which do not occur in nature. These Genetically Modified Organisms are artificially enhanced to express desired characteristics that are useful

Media events as holidays of mass communication Free Essays

The authors introduced media events as â€Å"the holidays of mass communication.† They introduced the topic to the readers by citing recent examples of what can be treated as media events. From a general overview of the nature of such events, the authors then move towards providing the readers with a view of what can be liked to media events. We will write a custom essay sample on Media events as holidays of mass communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, they described media events as â€Å"television ceremonies† or â€Å"festive televisions†, thereby pointing out that media events resemble the main characteristics of being festive, being akin to a celebration, and much more like that of a very big event for the mass media. After providing the readers an overview of the description of media events through finding events that have features akin to such, the authors then set the grounds for the detailed description and analysis on the nature of media events. Such was done through the establishment of the nature of television genres. So as to provide the readers a clear delineation of the uniqueness of television from the other media tools, the authors introduced the concept of television genres. The authors pointed out that in the same way that films and print publications are classified, television shows also have their own genres. However, the ways by which the genres of the movies and print publications are classified, differ from the pattern that television genre classification follows. Television genres are not classified according to those features used in film genre classifications such as themes, plots, cinematography, setting, characterizations, and other elements present in the film.   However, as stated by Newcomb, the first person to attempt to classify television genre, â€Å"television as a medium imposes an element of familism on each of the genres which it has inherited from the other media of popular culture.† Despite such characteristic however, the classification process for television genres does not also follow the genre categorization followed by print publications such as the text, the angle of the story, and so on. As such, among the mentioned classifications of the television genre which the authors mentioned are the news and the soap operas. In the later part of their article however, the authors discuss the nature of media events in relation with its similarities and difference from news and the soap opera. The first difference of media event from other television, as cited by the authors was the fact that media events are not routine. They are not akin to the broadcast news shows where a specific pattern is followed as to when the television anchors will appear and report and which segments will come after another. In the case of media events, they comprise a wide range of events- it may be a wedding of a Royal prince, an impeachment trial of the President, the death of a prominent star, or any significant event that may demand utmost attention and interest from the public. Also, media events are delivered as spontaneous events were anything can happen. The authors also cited that media events demand and receive focused attention. They described media events as akin to an ultimate â€Å"life shocker or stopper†, where the media men will somehow dedicate their time and effort to a single event while the rest of the news- whatever relevant event that can be considered as such- will be taken as a secondary priority. As such, media events are also described as something which will then demand the attention of the public as well. Also, the authors pointed out that media events interrupt the routine and they intervene with the normal flow of broadcasting. They cited examples where the normal line of shows was altered so as to give way to the broadcasting of media events. Such act then emphasizes the importance of the media events over the other television genres. This characteristic of media events is then overemphasized when in some cases; regular broadcasting is ultimately suspended so as to cater to the media events. Another important feature of media events that the authors pointed out was the fact that such are delivered in a monopolistic manner most of the time. As such, one can be able to determine that something is a media event when its broadcasting invades all the television channels. Media events are also unique because, as the authors stated, they happen live and the events are transmitted as they occur. This presents a major difference from news and other television shows such as soap operas where the show is recorded. The authors also point out that media events call for outside reporting. By this, we mean that mass communication is delivered from a different venue- depended of the media event itself. As such it is delivered not from the usual studies where mass communication is much controlled and monitored. However, it contrast of its being unique, the authors also site a feature which makes it similar to the other genres- the fact that media events are often pre-planned. This means that the events are announced and advertised before it actually happens. Overall however, the authors note that the main differences of the media events are the fact that they are presented with reverence and ceremony. In this case, we can see that the authors failed to mention the relevance of such unique characteristics- what does these attributes mean, and what are its impact to the viewers and to the whole mass media industry as well. However, the authors made important notes to ponder as they stated why such television genre should attain academic attention. Among the many reasons they have stated are as follows: a. Media events attract large audiences. Since the media events are delivered in a way that is highly interest catching, the viewers cannot resist but be attached to such. However, there are some points when the fact that it has large audiences makes the event qualify as a media event. Regardless of this chicken-egg scenario however, media events should be studied because it provides impending effects on a large group of public viewers. b. Media events make us realize the potential of electronic media technology. As stated earlier, media events are delivered outside the studio, they are also not routine and as such, they serve as a challenge not only for the media personnel but for the mass media technology as well. Such moments test the efficiency and the limits of such. c. Media events make us realize that the media has the power to form its own social network. The ability to form a unique social network is seen as more and more people are inclined to be part of the media event. This social network does not only involve the mass media personnel and the actual attendees of the event, rather it involves all of those who get hooked to their televisions just to watch the media event. d. Media events interrupt our life patterns. By life patterns, we mean not only that of the usual television shows, but the routines in the lives of the viewers. Instead of going to social parties or watching movies, or playing golf, the viewers who get glued to watch media events does otherwise from their planned day to day activities. e. Media events show the art of journalism and television broadcasting. Such events give everyone the glimpse of journalism and broadcasting not just at work, but as challenged. These events how the mechanics of true journalism and demand the most of it as well. f. Media events give the people a view of the past and the future. By this, we mean that media events sometimes demand an elaborated check on the past so as to find historical links to the important event. Aside from that however, media events also allow us to assess the development of television, in accordance to its relevance to the life of the television viewing society. Overall, the authors introduced the nature of media events by linking it with other events that we are more familiar with. After the overview, a through description of media events is delivered as its similarities and differences to other television genres are explored. Towards the end, the authors then establish the importance of media events and the need to study such. References: Dayan, Daniel and Katz, Elihu. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992) Media Event. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. (Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000) How to cite Media events as holidays of mass communication, Essay examples

MacbethAnalysis of fear Essay Example For Students

MacbethAnalysis of fear Essay Fear, this motivates us to do many things no matter if they are right or wrong. In the play Macbeth it was fear that was the main motivating factor that influenced the outcome of the play. This can be proved by the subsequent murders that followed after Duncans, why were these committed? Because Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done. Also look at Lady Macbeth, he constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking and other behaviour like this. All done out of fear, and like her husband fear of being caught. The final piece of proof I offer is Macbeths actions, they were all due to fear, not only of being caught but of the witches prophecies, he was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening. This whole play was inspired by fear and what it and do to a person. To begin, well address Macbeths subsequent murders, following Duncans. For Macbeth, hes just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on his son. It worked and he became King, however he remembered the witches prophecies. They claimed that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquos children that would follow after him. This made Macbeth very angry, he risked everything to become King and after him none of his family will follow. Only for them; and mine eternal jewelTo make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings!Here Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, then his sons will become King. Macbeth cant have this, hes already worried that his soul will go to hell for what hes already done. His fear become evident in this scene also, But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep; Act III, S I, L 53-54 Macbeth then has Banquo murdered, however his son Fleance escapes in the attack. Next Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. And also the witches tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduffs family. More fear of losing the impending battle with England, makes Macbeth start doing anything that will give him an edge in the final battle. Macbeths fear is starting to consume him, he can no longer sleep and is ravaged by guilt over what hes done. As well Lady Macbeth is being comsumed by fear and guilt, she is slowing losing her sanity. This is a result of her not being able to handle what she has done to Duncan. As shown in this quoteOut, damned spot!out,I say!One;Two:why, then tis time to dot. Hell is murky. Fie, my lord, fie! a soldier and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Act V, S I, L 32-35 Here Lady Macbeth is trying to wash out what she sees as being blood on her hands. As well she mentions hell an obvious fear of going there for what she has done. At the start Lady Macbeth was the one pushing on Macbeth to kill Duncan but as the play goes on she becomes weaker as Macbeth becomes stronger, Macbeth isnt troubled by what he has done to the extent Lady Macbeth is. Her role in the play slowly becomes smaller and smaller as she ends up being driven mad by the guilt and soon can no longer take, and ends up taking her own life hoping that her torment will end now that she is dead . The Queen, my Lord is dead Act V, S 5, L 18, Lady Macbeth takes her life right before the battle against the english is about to begin. This taking of her own life demonstrates her fear and in the end what that fear can do to a person. .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .postImageUrl , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:hover , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:visited , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:active { border:0!important; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:active , .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45 .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b885f49e9b6e376238c5a8f019b8d45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pearl harbor EssayNow we come to the witches prophecies, these are a main source of fear for Macbeth, after all where has he learned everything from. With each new vision, Macbeth falls deeper and deeper into an evil spiral. From the witches first prediction of Macbeth being king, which made Macbeth kill to become king. As well as Banquos children becoming kings, this scared Macbeth as I previously mentioned. Also when he went back to see the witches he gained some more knowledge, Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife. Act IV, S I, L 77, well now that Macbeth has heard this, he believes that he must kill Macduff, however he learns that Macduff has fled to England, so Macbeth desides to kill his family. Next in the cave Macbeth is told he cant be killed by any man born of woman, well this gives him confidence that no matter what the English will not defeat him. And he is also told that he will not be defeated until the trees of Birnam Wood move towards his castle. He has put all his faith in these prophecies, what the witches say must be true because of the first prediction. In conclusion you can see what fear can do to a person, it made Macbeth mad for power which he ended up getting. But after the first of his crimes the rest became easier for him, pretty soon hed just order it and not think twice. That was not the case when he first murdered Duncan. All though the play his fear of being caught, and the witches prophecies coming true make him do all these evil deeds. Fear had become the main movating factor in the play. Hopefully you have a better understanding of the play from all this. Bibliography:Macbeth

My Favorite Movie free essay sample

Well, I like movies, a lot. I couldn’t survive without movies. And of course I have my favorite movie. It’s â€Å"Twilight†! I knew that â€Å"Twilight† will be my favorite movie when I saw it I was completely in love with the movie. The film is based on a novel â€Å"Twilight† written by Stephen Mayer and there are 3 more parts of book,† New Moon†, â€Å"Eclipse† and â€Å"Breaking Dawn†. I read them all of course and those are my favorite books. The movie is about a teenage girl Bella and her boyfriend Edward. Edward is a vampire. It’s a beautiful love story like no other: completely different. I’m sure that there will never be a story like this. That’s something what every girl dreams about, a perfect boyfriend who would do anything for her. And I think that the fact that he’s a vampire is so cool. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But I don’t like this movie just because it’s a love story, I like it because of Edward. I already said that I love the fact that Edward is a vampire. Il like his superhuman powers. He can read other peoples mind, he’s cold, he can run fast, he’s so strong. I would like to have all of that. But it’s a love story, love story between a girl and a vampire. That’s the sweetest thing. Ok, I will never like any other movie like I love â€Å"Twilight†. I have all my room full of posters of vampires imagine that. To be honest I feel incredible when I watch â€Å"Twilight†.

Simulation Paper Leadership

Simulation Paper Leadership Simulation Paper Leadership Leadership and Decision Making Harpreet Kaur Dhillon 1310315 Diana Alvarez Valencia 1310200 University Canada West Professor: Dr. Michele Vincenti MGMT 660 February 22, 2015 Leadership and Decision Making Introduction As Project Directors we have worked closely with one of our teams for several years. Their work is excellent and the team gets along well together. Recognizing their abilities, you feel they can now work more on their own. You have begun this year to redirect your energies to other projects and teams, and they have continued to work effectively. You must now ask them to accept additional tasks and responsibilities. WE WOULD . . . a) Background The Company â€Å"X† (this is a fictitious name) is a company that sells candies for almost 50 years in Mexico. This company have been working in different projects to improve and increase their productivity and also to increase the revenues in the company. This company is a world-class company that had been growing in a fast pace. The processes that this company has been working with were not competitive to fulfill the market needs. For that reason, an alternative that the company chose to fulfill the market needs was the implementation of an ERP system that can create a global way of working within the organization. In this case the company chose the SAP ERP. The implementation of this new system in the company required a group of teams that will comprise the information of each area and carry out with the implementation of SAP. The team members were part of different areas of the organization. Each team member has different skills and background that completes the right set of assets to create the proper environment for the project implementation. The team members where selected from each department of the company, this selection was made with the purpose to have someone that can represent each department in the implementation One of the most important things in creating a successful team according to McClay (2009) is to build strong and effective relationships within the team members, as a result of this; we create an environment of trust and commitment of all the members to fulfill the goal. Moreover, a good relationship within the team members is part of the motivation of the group resulting engagement and a good performance in their tasks. As part of their satisfaction and motivation because of the good relationship within the team members, each of them were totally engage to the project and also to the company. Blessing White (2013) points out that the engaged employees are the ones who have a high contribution and high satisfaction in the workplace, in other words, the personal and professional /organizational interests are align. Furthermore, Blessing White (2013) suggest to take care about these type of employees because they may tent to feel discourage and for that reason fall into the disengageme nt. We have been working together for 6 months, from the planning stage and now to the implementation stage. All the members had the same vision, mission and goals to fulfill all of them. Each team member has defined each of their tasks and was trained to get specific skills that drive to the objective. As project managers we have created a good relationship with few of the team members. We can trust them and the other team members trust them too. In this way, we have leaders in the teamwork that can help us to â€Å"move† all the team to the right direction, even if we are not there all the time leading the group. The leadership exchange theory points out that there are a few team members that are more engage to the project and are likely to eager for more responsibilities, thus, we can call them supervisors or part of the IN- GROUP. On the other hand, there is a part of members of a team that are in the ON-GROUP, these team members are always just doing what they are required t o do, there is any further contribution from them to the team. Lynden et al (1997) As

Starbucks Strategy and Internal Initiatives to Return to Profitable Essay

Starbucks Strategy and Internal Initiatives to Return to Profitable Growth - Essay Example Starbucks also seeks to make the company a comfortable and a great place to work. This maintains employee satisfaction at Starbucks, which is done via offering its staff competitive wages, as well as benefits packages that include an option on stocks. Starbucks has been faced with many challenges that have seen its strategy evolve. Starbucks has been faced with many challenges that have seen its strategy evolve. Q. 1) What was Howard Schultz’s original strategic vision for Starbucks? Is his 2010 strategic vision for Starbucks different from the one he had in the 1980s? How many times has his strategic vision changed? Is his present strategic vision likely to undergo further evolution? Howard Schultz’s original plan for Starbucks involved the creation of an Italian style â€Å"espresso bar† retail chain, which would also sell coffee related equipment and the coffee beans, as well as expand the corporation out of Pacific Northwest, inclusive of Chicago (Shah & Thompson, 2010). Schultz envisioned the use of top quality dark roasted coffee beans. Customers could come to the bar to pursue a perfect cup of coffee, getting a worthwhile experience out of it. He also aimed to create a company that would make employees proud of it. Schultz revised the strategy in the 1990’s to add food items to the menu at Starbucks. This led to the growth of new channels of distribution for Starbucks’ products. Additionally, the vision also included the expansions of Starbucks Corporation into foreign markets and institute global branding (Shah & Thompson, 2010). The Starbucks logo was also changed to green from brown in order to symbolize Il Giornale merger with Starbucks, which created the espresso bar and the retail coffee bean store. These stores have become the signature of Starbucks Corporation.  

Leadership Issues in Ethical Perspective Assignment

Leadership Issues in Ethical Perspective - Assignment Example Different cultures around the world instill various adaptations of those values to the youth as they mature. Some societies place a higher emphasis on certain values than other cultures do (Barnes, 2007). The process of learning wrong from right remains the same through the application of rewards and consequences being associated to the choice. Advancements in travel have allowed people from different cultures around the world to converge and share ideas and values. Many businesses have entered the global market and experienced a plethora of value variations that international competition brings to the organizations. The contrast of prioritized values differs with each culture’s traditions. Exposure to another culture’s values may influence an individual’s beliefs and values and create the need for change or evolution of current opinions and ideals (Barnes, 2007). Learning in Action The idea of learning in action allow for the opportunity to take a look at person al values and decide how those values might fit into different scenarios. The first thing was to find out how personal values were perceived and the quality of each value. This was accomplished by taking a Pre-Self-Evaluation survey to determine strengths and weaknesses. A Post-Self-Evaluation allowed for comparisons between the perception at the beginning of the project and then again at the end. It was noted that some of the value areas had changed. Interviews were the next step in learning about ethical values and social responsibility. The themes that emerged once the analysis was complete allowed for different variations of attitudes and opinions to surface. A priority list of personal values was created with the pre and post evaluations. This list allowed for the comparison between the beginning of the project and the end results. The collection of articles dealing with ethical behavior in business allowed for even more analysis and comparisons to be accomplished. Pre and Post Self-Evaluation Survey When the learning in action assignment was given, the recorded answers for a Pre-Self-Evaluation Survey were carefully considered. Recording the answers for the magnitude of understanding and application of each ethical value would be important later on as the comparisons with a Post-Self-Evaluation could be implemented. The comparison of the two evaluations showed considerable differences as knowledge and practice was incorporated into the project. Some values remained the same and those were ones that could be continually worked on to show improvement in the future. Interviews When setting up the interviews, asking permission to record a person’s answers seem socially responsible. All participants agreed that as long as the answers remained anonymous, each person approved the inclusion of their answers in the final report. Three questions were asked, so during the analysis of the responses, all the answers for question one were combined and the same patter was maintained for questions two and three (see Appendix 5). Twenty individuals were asked to participate in the interview process. Five of them were close friends, five were classmates, five were professors, and five were co-workers. The themes, which emerged from question one were to watch others, follow one’

The Black and Decker Corporation Case Study Essay

The Black and Decker Corporation Case Study - Essay Example Case Study Synopsis A. Company Overview; Dissecting the Case The Black & Decker Corporation is an American firm that manufactures and markets power tools, power accessories, fastening systems, products for home improvements, and hardware. It manufactures its products in eleven countries spread worldwide, and markets those in a hundred plus countries. Its biggest markets are the United States, which accounted for 55 percent of all revenues in 2008, and Europe, for 25 percent in the same year. 2008 revenues were US 6.086 billion dollars, while gross margins were 32.8 percent for that year. By product group contribution, power tools contributed 73 percent of all revenues in 2008, at US 4.3 billion dollars, followed by hardware and products for the improvement of the home, at US 900 million dollars, making up 15 percent of all revenues. The balance was made up for by revenues from fastening systems, which was the smallest product group by revenue for that year, accounting for 12 percent of all sales, valued at US 700 million dollars (Black and Decker, n.d., pp. 1-14). By way of a look forward, by 2012 the Black & Decker Corporation had ceased to be an independent firm, having been bought out by Stanley Works in 2010, so that the merged entity had come to be known as Stanley Black & Decker Inc.(Google Finance, 2012; Stanley Black & Decker Inc., 2012; Black and Decker, n.d.; Reuters, 2012 (b)). ... The hypothesis is that the traditional market strengths of the original Black & Decker Company had something to do with this share price appreciation(Reuters, 2012; Google Finance, 2012; Reuters, 2012 (b)): Image Source: Google Finance, 2012 B. Business Groups and Market Segments Three product groups serve as the organizing principle of the organization. These product groups are, as already mentioned earlier, power tools, product for home improvement and hardware, and fastening systems. Of the three, as has been noted earlier, power tools make up the bulk of the revenues (73 percent), followed by home improvement at 15 percent, and fastening systems at 12 percent of all revenues. Absolute profits rankings are the same, with power tools contributing the most to profits, followed in the same order by the two other product groups (Black & Decker, n.d., pp. 1-14). Three different market segments for the power tools product group, the largest product group, have differing characteristics, defined along customer type. As discussed earlier, these are industrial users, general consumers, and professionals. Of the three, the company has had success with industrial users and general consumers, while as noted earlier, prior to the launch of the DeWalt brand, the corporation had suffered anemic following among professionals, owing to the market perception that the company's products were inferior (Black & Decker, n.d., pp 3-5). Moreover, the three market segments also differ in some other profound ways. Industrial users are the most demanding, requiring that products show resistance to wear and resilience, even as the rewards include long-lasting relationships with buyers, and large and frequent orders. Professionals, using the products as essential trade tools,

Impact of Capitalism on Global Development

Impact of Capitalism on Global Development Is geographically uneven development an inevitable outcome of capitalism? Harris (2006, p. 2) claims that in ‘examining the general character of the process of capitalist development as it has appeared historically across many different countries over a long period of time, one of its most striking characteristics is the phenomenon of uneven development.’ However we choose to define the terms ‘development’ and ‘capitalism’, it is undeniable that in recent centuries capitalism – of one kind or another – has been the dominant economic and social system throughout the world and the development has been geographically uneven – whether considered at the local, national, regional or global level. Whether the former is the cause of the latter is open to debate. Further, whether the former must necessarily cause the other, as suggested by the title question, is even less clear. This essay will first provide definitions and explanations of development and capitalism. Next it will consider the argument â₠¬â€œ most famously put forward by David Harvey, but also expounded by many others – that capitalism inevitably leads to geographically uneven development. Development can and has been defined in many different ways. Until the 1970s it was generally accepted that increasing GNP per capita was the primary – even the exclusive – objective of development. Thus development was measured exclusively in terms of GNP per capita. Since 1970, however, many criticisms have been levelled against the use of GNP as a measure of societal well-being, and various other objectives of development have been suggested to replace it. The criticisms encompass both the theoretical and the empirical, but broadly speaking they arise from the fact that use of GNP per capita as a measure of development treats economic growth as synonymous with development whereas in fact development must incorporate the enabling of individuals to achieve basic aims such as to live long, to be well-nourished, to be healthy and to be literate (Sen, 1999). Furthermore, since development was viewed in terms with GNP per capita, it was concerned with the average or aggreg ate income, rather than with the incomes of the poorest. As Arndt (1983, p. 1) explains, ‘ disappointment was increasingly widely expressed that, after two decades of unprecedentedly high rates of economic growth in most of the Third World, hundreds of millions remained in abject poverty and in many countries income distribution appeared to have worsened.’ Arndt goes on to argue that at this time, a myth emerged that something called ‘trickle-down theory’ had existed in the 1950s and 1960s, but that no development economist ever actually subscribed to any such theory. This alleged theory posits that the benefits of the accumulation of capital by the elites would ‘trickle-down’ to the masses through the creation of jobs and other economic opportunities. Whether trickle-down theory was originally part and parcel of the view of development as increasing GNP per capita, or whether it was appended to such a notion of development ex-post, it is certa inly clear that the benefits of economic growth did not trickle down to the masses. On the contrary, in fact, the world has witnessed increasing inequality. It is this inequality – or unevenness of development – with which we are most concerned in this essay. As Harvey (2005, p. 55) describes it, a ‘convergence in well-being has not occurred and geographical as well as social inequalities within the capitalist world appear to have increased in recent decades. The promised outcome of poverty reduction from freer trade, open markets and â€Å"neo-liberal† strategies of globalization has not materialized. Environmental degradations and social dislocations have also been unevenly distributed.’ Capitalism refers to an economic and social system in which the means of production are mainly privately-owned and operated for profit. It is defined by Bernstein (2002, p. 242) as ‘(a) Production of goods and services for market exchange (commodities), to make profits; (b) founded on a definitive social (class) relation between owners of capital and owners of labour power; (c) to which other social relations and divisions are linked, e.g. those of gender, urban/rural differences, nationality.’ The private owners of capital determine investment, distribution, income, production and pricing according to their own self-interest. Within these parameters, however, there are various forms of capitalism. Historically, it can be said that capitalism has gone through various stages: from merchant capitalism, through industrial capitalism; finance capitalism and monopoly capitalism to state capitalism. Further, in any stage of capitalism, any given economy can be more or less pur ely capitalist. In the world today, for example, every economy is in reality a mixed economy with elements of capitalism and elements of regulation and planning – it is the balance between free market policies and private ownership vs. regulation and public ownership that determines the extent to which an economy can be said to be capitalist or otherwise. According to Marxist accounts of capitalism, capital is created through buying commodities in order to create new commodities with an exchange value – as distinct from the use value – higher than the cost of the original commodities. Most importantly, under capitalism, labour had become a commodity itself and surplus labour is extracted by the capitalist who gains greater value from the labour (through the sale-value of the produced commodities) than the exchange value of the labour (i.e. the wage that the capitalist pays). For Marx, it was this cycle of extracting surplus labour that forms the basis of the cla ss-struggle. Harvey (see, for example, 1982, 1985, 2005, 2006) has provided what is arguably the most significant contribution to the discourse on capitalism as inevitably resulting in geographically uneven development. Harvey points to the geographic contradiction between the fixity and mobility of capital as central to understanding geographically uneven development. In order to produce value, capitalists invest in infrastructure – a form of capital with a long life and fixed location. Over its long life, this capital facilitates the production of commodities which are sold to recoup the original cost of the infrastructure and to make a profit. Meanwhile, social infrastructures are built up as the local labour force develops skills specific to the production of these commodities, relations develop between the capitalist and local suppliers, clients, politicians and banks, and knowledge is gained of local industrial processes. However, the value – or profit – produced is not spatially restricted in this way and can circulate to be invested in labour power and means of production elsewhere. Thus it may be invested in competing businesses or in different sectors of the economy. Cheaper labour and other means of production are sought and tapped in other locations within the country, in other countries in the same region, or beyond. As a result firms in a particular locality may close or reduce their level of output thus reducing employment and/or wages in the area. In turn, state agencies will receive less income through taxation, and local businesses such as those in the retail sector will suffer as the local population has less income. Home-owners may default on their mortgage payments and lenders will be forced to sell the properties at lower prices as the economy declines. Yet these state agencies, shops and shopping centres, and houses are spatially fixed – they cannot be moved elsewhere to where they could produce more value. Also, while firm s have the option to move to locations where profitability would be higher, they are also likely to have become somewhat embedded in the local area (as a result of relationships built up with customers, suppliers, employees, state officials and banks) and they have to assess the benefits of moving against the cost of building all of these relationships from scratch in a new location. The end result is the attempt (by the different stakeholders – individually or collectively) to defend exchange values in any given place to guarantee future streams of profits, wages, rents and tax revenues. Since local capitalists and local labour classes both have a vested interest in the continued existence of local industry, territorial cross-class allegiances are formed, and geographically uneven development ensues. While it is important not to conflate globalisation with capitalism since globalisation refers to a much broader process of increasing interdependence that goes far beyond the economic, Coe Yeung (2001, pp. 370-371) provide interesting input to the debate on uneven development with a consideration of globalisation, arguing that ‘one needs not be a Marxist to appreciate the uneven outcomes of the globalisation processes First, globalisation impacts differently in different sectors and industries even in the same country and/or region. While global restructuring tends to favour high tech industries, it has serious repercussions for such labour-intensive industries as textiles and clothing†¦ Second, global restructuring can produce geographically uneven impact on producers and/or countries specialising in different stages of the same production chain.’ This ties in with the explanation of how the expansion of capitalism produces new forms of unevenness, and the stagna tion of certain localities. According to Walker (1978, p. 34), for example, as capitalism expands it develops new distinctions of space thus creating a spatial mosaic of development in which none of the parts are truly independent or particularly susceptible to regional development programmes. Additionally, the expansion of capitalism intensifies its penetration of space thus increasing its mobility giving capital a strategic advantage over labour. As a result, local development becomes increasingly reliant on external capital. ‘Thus, although there is a certain evening up of development as the capitalist core expands, uneven development of a new kind necessarily emerges within what can be considered a fully developed capitalist space. This kind of unevenness is implicit in the use-value nature of capital’s relation to space, in fragmenting tendencies of the capitalist division of labor and its class hierarchy, and in the tendency of capital constantly to reduce the tim e of circulation.’ Agnew’s (2001, p. 6) perspective also demonstrates how globalization has accentuated the uneven development that results from capitalism, arguing that in this context, for example, the ‘need for rapid access to information has privileged those ‘world cities’ that have good connectivity to other places. The local availability of entrepreneurship, venture capital, technical know-how, and design capabilities differentiate ‘attractive’ from ‘unattractive’ sites for investment. At the same time, [niche] markets associated with different social groups increasingly cross national boundaries, giving rise to cross-national markets that can be served by factories located in any one of them or, for labor-intensive goods, produced wherever labor costs are lower.’ What, then, of the role of the state in today’s mixed economies? As Brenner (1998, p. 11) has pointed out, in the past century, it has been the state – and not private capital – that has planned, produced and regulated large-scale infrastructure projects (including transport infrastructure, public transport systems, utilities, energy, subsidised public housing and education systems, communications systems) to direct the ways in which labour power and capital reproduce. This highlights the fact that a purely capitalist system does not exist in any country in the world. As Harvey (1982, p. 404) explains, the state control of large-scale infrastructure enables it to direct infrastructural development differentially as the ‘territorial organisation of the state becomes the geographical configuration within which the dynamics of [infrastructural] investment is worked out.’ Thus the territorial organization of the state could in theory at least be used to channel infrastructure development in such a way as to produce geographically even – or at least more even – development. Yet Brenner (1998, p. 12) argues that in fact the state direction in practice leads to ‘new forms of uneven geographic development’ and that in so doing it produces an equilibrium. Walker (1978, p. 30) claims that geographically uneven development is indeed inevitable in advanced capitalist economies, claiming that no ‘critical observer would imagine that there is something less than systematic in the nature of capitalism producing the inevitable juxtapositions of poverty and wealth, growth and stagnation, and diverse functions in the capitalist city.’ Like Harvey, Walker claims that uneven development occurs as a result of spatial differentiation and capital mobility, two components of any capitalist system. According to Walker, (1978, p. 30), uneven development is the corollary of uneven spatial location of use-values, a nd the spatial organization of use-values is not random but is ‘a systematic product of capitalist development, varying only in form and in degree among advanced capitalist nations.’ Both Harvey and Walker provide a convincing argument for the inevitability of geographically uneven development in a capitalist system thus painting a bleak picture for development and effectively invalidating any claims of regional development programmes or any other policies aimed an evening out development. However, this last point by Walker does offer some scope for optimism. If uneven development in advanced capitalist nations varies in form and, more importantly, degree then the intuitive conclusion would be that it could vary so far that the degree of unevenness reaches zero and thus development is even. Even if in practice development can never be perfectly even, the variance in degree suggests that policies can be implemented to make development more even, if not totally even. In order to devise such policies, it is necessary to understand what aspects of certain capitalists systems have enabled them to produce more even development than others. According to Perrons (2000, p . 24), it is possible to direct policies against uneven development and to do so requires a holistic approach to social theory that explores the differences of experience in different national contexts and at different spatial scales: ‘the nature and pace of change differs between nation states and between different organizations depending on the legislative framework and social and cultural norms leading to different regional and local outcomes. Recognising and understanding these different experiences within capitalism provides a foundation for mapping alternative futures.’ If geographically uneven development is an inevitable outcome of capitalism, then we cannot hope to even out development within a capitalist world system. Short of radical calls for an overthrow of the existing system of economic and social organisation, then, policies directed at evening out development could only ever meet with partial success. However, given the importance of the state in defining and directing spaces of development, and given that every economy in the world today is a mixed economy, it must be conceivable (in theory at least) that the state could provide definition and direction in such a way as to promote even development. In order to do so, however, it is necessary to understand just what it is that causes uneven development. From the analysis above it is clear that uneven development is indeed a characteristic of capitalism; indeed it seems to be one that is inevitable. However the form and extent of that unevenness vary from place to place. Thus a better unde rstanding of exactly what determines the form and extent is necessary to reduce the extent and produced the most desirable (in other words, the least bad) form of uneven development. Bibliography Agnew, J. (2001). The New Global Economy: Time-Space Compression, Geopolitics and Global Uneven Development. Los Angeles: Center for Globalization and Policy Research, UCLA. Arndt, H. W. (1983). The Trickle-Down Myth. Economic Development and Cultural Change , 32 (1), 1-10. Bernstein, H. (2002). Colonialism, Capitalism, Development. In T. Allen, A. Thomas, Poverty and Development in the 21st Century (pp. 241-270). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brenner, N. (1998, January 7). Between fixity and motion: accumulation, territorial organization and the historical geography of spatial scales. Chicago. Coe, N. M., Yeung, H. W.-c. (2001). Geographical perspectives on mapping globalisation. Journal of Economic Geography , 367-380. Harris, D. J. (2006). Uneven Development. Stanford University, Economics. Harvey D. (1982) The Limits to Capital, Chicago: University of Chicago Press Harvey D. (1985) The geopolitics of capitalism, in D Gregory, J Urry (eds.) Social Relations and Spatial Structures, London: Macmillan, pp 128- 163 Harvey, D. (2005). Spaces of Neoliberalization: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development . Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. Harvey, D. (2006). Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development . London: Verso Books. Perrons, D. (2000). The New Economy and Uneven Geographical Development: Towards a More Holistic Framework for Economic Geography. Economic Geography Research Group. Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Walker, R. (1978). Two Sources of Uneven Development Under Advanced Capitalism: Spatial Differentiation and Capital Mobility. Review of Radical Political Economics , 28-38.

Comparing Piaget and Vygotsky :: Theories on Cognitive Development Process

Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. In this essay on cognitive development I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analyzing the cognitive development process of the child active construction of knowledge. (Flanagan 1996 P.72). I will then evaluate the usefulness of these theories in understanding a child's development. Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and think differently at different periods in their lives. He believed that all children progress through four different and very distinct stages of cognitive development. This theory is known as Piaget’s Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P. 26). In the first stage sensorimotor, which occurs from birth to the age of two is the time in an infant’s life when the child basically deals with what is presented to him. They learn about physical objects and are concerned with motor skills and the consequences of some of their actions. (Thomson, Meggit 1997 P.107). During this stage children will learn the concept of object permanence. This is where an object will continue to exist even if it is out of sight. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P.48) The preoperational stage last from two to seven years. In this stage it becomes possible to carry on a conversation with a child and they also learn to count and use the concept of numbers. This stage is divided into the preoperational phase and the intuitive phase. Children in the preoperational phase are preoccupied with verbal skills and try to make sense of the world but have a much less sophisticated mode of thought than adults. In the intuitive phase the child moves away from drawing conclusions based upon concrete experiences with objects. One problem, which identifies children in this stage, is the inability to cognitively conserve relevant spatial information. This is when, when a material is manipulated and no longer matches the cognitive image that a child has made, that child believes the amount of material has been altered instead of just its shape. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.

Methamphetamine Notes

The main ingredient that goes into making meth is pseudoephedrine, a decongestant in most over the counter cold medication, that in combination but a host of other toxic chemicals such as lye and drain cleaner. Form White or yellow powder, clear or yellowish crystals or â€Å"shards†, or in pill form. Use Smoked, snorted, swallowed, or injected. Addiction Factor Extremely Addictive Physical & Mental Effects Brain damage, organ failure, open sores, rotting teeth, stroke, mania, paranoia, obsesSive compulsive behaviours, twitching or shaking, psychosis, etc. Social Effects Withdrawal from friends and family, increased criminal activity to support addiction o r due to violent episodes while high, and an increase in overall violent and/ or rude behaviour. Environmental Effects When methamphetamine is being synthesized, there are over 5 pounds of toxic wast e as a byproduct for every pound of meth. This waste is almost never disposed of properly and finds its w ay into ecosystems w hich pollutes water, destroys habitats and kills wildlife and can be harmful to huma ns if they should come nto contact with any chemical byproducts.This is why many meth lab technicians ar e sent to the hospital for chemical burns. What Does Methamphetamine Do To The Body? Heart Methamphetamine affects the heart and the circulatory system by increasing heart r ate and blood pressure substantially. Repetitive use can cause irregular heartbeat, heart attack, stroke, and u Itimately death. These side effects will improve over a long period of time in which the individual has abstai ned from using the drug. The Senses Meth may cause the user to see, hear, feel, smell, or taste things that aren't really the e, if these sort of hallucinations persist, fullblown psychosis may develop.Bones Since Meth use can cause loss of appetite, some meth users can develop anorexia an d/or osteoporosis. This is because of the lack of essential proteins and elements such as calcium which help keep the b ody strong and healthy The Muscles Because the drug has such a profound effect on the part of the brain that aids in the coordination of movements, the user very likely to eventually develop: Involuntary muscular contracti ons, uncontrollable twitching or shaking, and strange movements like facial ticks.These side effects wors n as the addiction progresses. Immune System Since meth causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) the skin can become deprived of oxygen, and nutrients. This also means that white blood cells and other immunocytes (cells of the immune system) also may not be able to reach certain areas of the skin. In conjunction, this will lead to pale or grey tinted skin, acne, and open sores.Temperature Regulation When an individual uses meth their body temperature skyrockets which can be very dangerous, leading to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure as well as increasing the likelihood of orga failure or brain damage caused by cellular destruction d ue to the high temperatures created within t he body. The Teeth Smoking meth will cause rotten teeth and gums. This can be caused by any of the foll owing: Poor oral hygiene, bacteria, teeth chattering or grinding, or the acidity ot the drug itselt.Hair The toxic chemicals in meth, combined with the constant urge to pull at the hair or pi ck at the scalp while high can lead to thinning, greying, or drying of the hair, as well as an increase in oils produced by the scalp. bald patches may also occur in individuals who have a bad habit of pulling hair out. References: http://www. methpro]ect. org/answers/whatdoesmethdotoyour body. html#BodybyMeth The Heart Specificly. The Heart On Meth While under the influence of meth, you probably already know that it increases heart rate and blood pressure, but what does that really mean for the heart of the user?To get an idea, th e average adult heart will pump between 6,000 and 7,000 litres of blood per day; when a person uses meth even a few ti mes a week, this output will increase to an unhealthy level of about 7,500 to 8,500 litres per day, The same goes for heart rate. The average adult heart rate at rest is between 60 00 beats per minute depending on the size, shape, gender, and overall health of the individual, but when he or she ingests methamphetamine, their heart rate at rest will spike, causing it to fall between 100 120 beats per minute.That means that when he or she is sitting, their heart rate is going as fast as it should if they were to walk up a flig ht of stairs between two floors of a house, or take a brisk walk. This is especially dangerous when engagin g in any kind of physical activity since the users heart will gain the potential to beat too fast which wil I eventually send it into rrhythmia (irregular beating of the heart) which is a medical emergency and is likely to result in death.Considering the poor cardiovascular health of meth users, most individuals who expe rience an arrhythmia, heart attack, or stroke while under the influence are more likely to die due to the fact that after prolonged used, the addicts heart will need to increase in size so it can compensate for the hear t rate and blood pressure spike. Having an enlarged heart is especially dangerous because it means t he the heart is not as strong as it once was, leaving it more susceptible to complications. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Montar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Montar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb montar is a regular -ar  verb like cenar, ayudar, or bajar.  It has several different meanings, but the most common is to mount. This article includes the conjugations of  montar  in the indicative mood (present, preterite, imperfect, future and conditional), the subjunctive mood (present and past), imperative mood, and other verb forms such as the gerund and past participle. Meanings and Examples of the Verb Montar The verb montar  is a cognate of the English verb to mount, so it can mean to mount or to put on. For example, Voy a montar el televisor en la pared is translated as I am going to mount the television on the wall, and  Ellos van a montar una obra de teatro  means They are going to put on a play.   Another meaning of  montar is to ride a horse or a bicycle. For example, A ella le gusta montar a caballo  (She likes to ride horses) or  A à ©l le gusta montar en bicicleta  (He likes to ride bicycles).   Yet another meaning of the verb  montar  is to put together or to assemble. For example,  Tengo que montar los muebles que comprà © en Ikea  (I have to assemble the furniture I bought at Ikea.) This meaning can even be used for putting together or starting a business. For example,  Vamos a montar un negocio de vender frutas  (We are going to start a business selling fruit.) The verb  montar  can also be used as a reflexive verb,  montarse,  in which case it means to get on something or to climb into something. For example, you can talk about  montarse en el bus  (get on the bus),  montarse en el carro  (get in the car),  montarse en el avià ³n  (get on the plane),  montarse en el caballo  (get on the horse), etc. Montar Present Indicative Yo monto I mount Yo monto mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. T montas You mount T montas a caballo en la finca. Usted/l/ella monta You/he/she mounts Ella monta el cuadro en la pared. Nosotros montamos We mount Nosotros montamos una obra de teatro. Vosotros montis You mount Vosotros montis los muebles rpidamente. Ustedes/ellos/ellas montan You/they mount Ellos montan una tienda de zapatos. Montar Preterite  Indicative The preterite tense can be translated as the English simple past. It is used when talking about actions in the past that have been completed. Yo mont I mounted Yo mont mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. T montaste You mounted T montaste a caballo en la finca. Usted/l/ella mont You/he/she mounted Ella mont el cuadro en la pared. Nosotros montamos We mounted Nosotros montamos una obra de teatro. Vosotros montasteis You mounted Vosotros montasteis los muebles rpidamente. Ustedes/ellos/ellas montaron You/they mounted Ellos montaron una tienda de zapatos. Montar Imperfect  Indicative The  imperfect  tense can be translated to English as was mounting or used to mount.  It is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. Yo montaba I used to mount Yo montaba mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. T montabas You used to mount T montabas a caballo en la finca. Usted/l/ella montaba You/he/she used to mount Ella montaba el cuadro en la pared. Nosotros montbamos We used to mount Nosotros montbamos una obra de teatro. Vosotros montabais You used to mount Vosotros montabais los muebles rpidamente. Ustedes/ellos/ellas montaban You/they used to mount Ellos montaban una tienda de zapatos. Montar Future  Indicative Yo montar I will mount Yo montar mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. T montars You will mount T montars a caballo en la finca. Usted/l/ella montar You/he/she will mount Ella montar el cuadro en la pared. Nosotros montaremos We will mount Nosotros montaremos una obra de teatro. Vosotros montaris You will mount Vosotros montaris los muebles rpidamente. Ustedes/ellos/ellas montarn You/they will mount Ellos montarn una tienda de zapatos. Montar Periphrastic Future  Indicative Yo voy a montar I am going to mount Yo voy a montar mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. T vas a montar You are going to mount T vas a montar a caballo en la finca. Usted/l/ella va a montar You/he/she is going to mount Ella va a montar el cuadro en la pared. Nosotros vamos a montar We are going to mount Nosotros vamos a montar una obra de teatro. Vosotros vais a montar You are going to mount Vosotros vais a montar los muebles rpidamente. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a montar You/they are going to mount Ellos van a montar una tienda de zapatos. Montar Conditional  Indicative The conditional  tense can be translated to English as would mount.  It is used to talk about possibilities. Yo montara I would mount Yo montara mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo si viviera ms cerca. T montaras You would mount T montaras a caballo en la finca si estuvieras ms saludable. Usted/l/ella montara You/he/she would mount Ella montara el cuadro en la pared si tuviera las herramientas necesarias. Nosotros montaramos We would mount Nosotros montaramos una obra de teatro, pero no tenemos tiempo para ensayar. Vosotros montarais You would mount Vosotros montarais los muebles rpidamente, pero son muy grandes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas montaran You/they would mount Ellos montaran una tienda de zapatos si tuvieran el dinero para empezar. Montar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund  for -ar  verbs is formed with the ending  -ando. The present participle is used in  progressive tenses  like the present progressive. Present Progressive of Montar est montando Is mounting Ella est montando el cuadro en la pared. Montar Past Participle The past participle for -ar  verbs is formed with the ending  -ado. The past participle is used in  compound tenses  like the present perfect.   Present Perfect of Montar ha montado  Has mounted Ella ha montado el cuadro en la pared.   Montar Present Subjunctive Que yo monte That I mount El mdico sugiere que yo monte mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. Que t montes That you mount El jefe quiere que t montes a caballo en la finca. Que usted/l/ella monte That you/he/she mount Mam quiere que ella monte el cuadro en la pared. Que nosotros montemos That we mount El director quiere que nosotros montemos una obra de teatro. Que vosotros montis That you mount El cliente quiere que vosotros montis los muebles rpidamente. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas monten That you/they mount Pedro sugiere que ellos monten una tienda de zapatos. Montar Imperfect  Subjunctive There are two different ways of conjugating the  imperfect subjunctive. The tables below show both options, which are equally correct. Option 1 Que yo montara That I mounted El mdico sugiri que yo montara mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. Que t montaras That you mounted El jefe quera que t montaras a caballo en la finca. Que usted/l/ella montara That you/he/she mounted Mam quera que ella montara el cuadro en la pared. Que nosotros montramos That we mounted El director quera que nosotros montramos una obra de teatro. Que vosotros montarais That you mounted El cliente quera que vosotros montarais los muebles rpidamente. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas montaran That you/they mounted Pedro sugiri que ellos montaran una tienda de zapatos. Option 2 Que yo montase That I mounted El mdico sugiri que yo montase mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. Que t montases That you mounted El jefe quera que t montases a caballo en la finca. Que usted/l/ella montase That you/he/she mounted La mam quera que ella montase el cuadro en la pared. Que nosotros montsemos That we mounted El director quera que nosotros montsemos una obra de teatro. Que vosotros montaseis That you mounted El cliente quera que vosotros montaseis los muebles rpidamente. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas montasen That you/they mounted Pedro sugiri que ellos montasen una tienda de zapatos. Montar Imperative   The imperative mood is used to give direct orders. The tables below show the positive and negative commands for  montar. Positive Commands T monta Mount! Monta a caballo en la finca! Usted monte Mount! Monte el cuadro en la pared! Nosotros montemos Lets mount! Montemos una obra de teatro! Vosotros montad Mount! Montad los muebles rpidamente! Ustedes monten Mount! Monten una tienda de zapatos! Negative Commands T no montes Dont mount! No montes a caballo en la finca! Usted no monte Dont mount No monte el cuadro en la pared! Nosotros no montemos Lets not mount No montemos una obra de teatro! Vosotros no montis Dont mount! No montis los muebles rpidamente! Ustedes no monten Dont mount! No monten una tienda de zapatos!

New School Essays

New School Essays New School Essay New School Essay I didnt think I would ever fall in love, come to think of it I never thought I would fall for Romeo, my best friend. Lets just say that love gets people in ways which you wouldnt expect.It was a Tuesday morning. It had finally come; the day when I was moving schools. I can still remember what was going through my head that morning. Thank god Im out of that shit hole I sighed, I was so nervous, what if I dont make any friends what if everyone hates me I sighed again. All those negative thoughts where rushing through my head, I was very sure I was gonna punk out but I kept my cool. I had just finished having a bath and I was going to find something to wear.Dont get me wrong I have so many clothes, but trust me its all about the mood the weathers in and the mood Im in. As soon as I opened my wardrobe, clothes came piling out DAMN! I thought I need to do some spring cleaning! I usually take a long time to get ready but seeing as this was my first day at a new scho ol I HAD to take my time. The sun was hitting in through my window so I decided to go ghetto and wear my denim dungarees, white tank top with top gurl written on it, and my dark blue converses.I put on some lip gloss, popped sum chewing gum in my mouth, grabbed my dark blue and light blue Nike Just do it bag and then I ran down the stairs to the kitchen, to find a note on the counter, it was from mum; Honey I have gone to work. Well duh I thought. Ten pounds is in the draw. P.s/make sure youre not late.I scrunched up the note and threw it in the bin. I then headed to the draw, pulled it open and took out the ten pounds that my mum had left for me.Mum works at a bank, I am considering studying law when I go to university. I know it seems like a long time away but youve got to be prepared. I love History and it just seems like a well paying job.My dad died of a liver cancer when I was two. So I guess it wasnt really painful for me at that time seeing as I was still very young and I di dnt understand what was happening. When I was in primary school nearly everyone had a dad I was really confused, it must have been hard for my mum because I kept on asking her where my dad was and shed always tell me that he was in a lovely place. Well Im hurt now because I didnt get to know him, and all I have is a picture of me in his arms when I was a newborn. Mum does date but they just come and go.I took my keys, my ipod, and my phone from the counter, and opened my front door. I realised that I had forgotten something and descended back to my kitchen counter to get my sunglasses. I got out of my house then I locked the door. I then unlocked my garage, and then I unlocked the chains from my electric scooter.The only reason I use an electric scooter is to get around because Im too young to drive a car and Im too young to ride a moped, its all good though. I had to save up and buy it with my own money (no fair) because my mum said she wasnt going to waste good money on an electri c scooter when she could spend it on something else and I said well then what Im I going to do?, she was like take public transport, I was like the bus? OH HELL NAH!!I walked my scooter out of the garage then I locked the garage door. Then I was finally off, I knew the location of the school because I had been there twice to take tests, and might I add that all of the tests I had taken I had passed. It took about fifteen minutes to get there on the scooter.It was the beginning of July, summer; my favourite part of the year, the sun was shining directly into my eyes so I put on my sunglasses. I also turned my ipod on, and it started playing so what by Field Mob ft. Ciara, that was the jam back then, and everyone was playing it.Im 5ft5 1/2; I like to think that thats an average height but people say Im short. I have shoulder length hair. Im a black girl with green eyes, Im 15 years old and Im a Scorpio, I think that zodiac is sick. I might get a tattoo of a Scorpion on my lower back w hen Im a bit older, my mum would kill me I ever got a tattoo done while living under her roof.2Different SceneryWhen I finally got to my new school my nerves returned. WELCOME TO ST. JOHNS where written in big bold black letters on the gate. I turned my ipod off and got off my scooter to chain it, I learnt that nearly half of the school owned electric scooters. Students were entering the school gates. I was told to go to the reception when I arrived. I walked on a long path to get to actual building. Once I got into the building I turned to my first right. There it was the reception just how it was the previous time I had been there to visit. I took off my sunglasses. Students were making their way to their form rooms.May I help you? asked the lady behind the deskShe was a stubby lady, probably over 40 and she looked like she had been working at St. Johns for a long time.Erm. Hi Im Khia Williams I replied in a low voiceNice to meet you Khia, you are the new student starting 10a, rig ht? she askedErm. Yea I answeredWell do not be nervous you will be just fine. You walk through the door just there she said pointing to a green door, she handed me a key with 301 on it that is for your locker, your class is on the second door to the right and you will see 10a written on the door. She explainedOk thanks I said walking off.All those negative thoughts that were rushing through my head earlier that morning were rushing through my head at that precise moment.I finally got to the door which had 10a written on it, it wasnt hard to find, and next to the classrooms were the lockers that the receptionist had given me a key for. I took a deep breath in and a deep breath out. I turned the knob of the door.Ah Khia Williams, I remembered the guy, Mr. Ross; I met him at the meeting with the head teacher the other time. He was so tall and he wore round glasses and his trousers were pulled up so they looked like ankle swingers, I tried not to laugh. Nice to see you again, as you kno w I will be your teacher for the rest of the year and this will be your form for the rest of the yearEverybody was staring at me, some smiling and some looking at me blankly until I heard a voice say:Girl even in dungarees you look sexyBy now all the boys were laughing. I looked to the back of the classroom, where I thought I had heard the voice come from. A boy was rocking on his chair smirking at me, I was sure it was him. He was a black boy with coolly hair; he had it tied up in a pony tail. He was wearing a white t-shirt, denim jeans and white air forces.Ok thats enough said Mr. Ross Khia take a seatBaby you can come and sit on daddys lap if you wantAaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhh!!!!! all the boys started laughing again.I took no notice of them; I thought to myself he must have been the stupidest boy in the class.I SAID THATS ENOUGH! Said Mr. RossEvery teacher has a strict side, everyone got quite.I started looking around for a seat then I saw him, Romeo, dark brown eyes with tight cornr ows all back but complicated and he had on a white head band, wore baggy denim jeans, white air force ones with a green tick and a white t-shirt, on top of that he had on a green and white Magic jersey. He wore diamond studded earrings on each ear and a sliver chain with a capital R on it. It was right then that I knew his name had to start with the letter R, I can still remember how he looked at me; he just smiled acknowledging me. I smiled back at him.You can sit here if you want he offered, his voice was so deep.For sure I said, eyes still on himSorry on behalf of my boy T hes crazy, dont mind him he apologisedHow sweet I thought, he apologised on behalf of his friend, who mind you was being incredibly obnoxious.I assured him Its all rightI sat next to him and might I add how he smelled mmmmmm cologne I thought he was the cutest boy in the class, and I also thought that we would set it off.Can everyone turn their text books to page 62 now said Mr. RossEveryone did as they were to ld; I and Romeo were sharing a text book. Even though we were told to settle down the room was still noisy, I thought to myself I am gonna fit in this class. I put my head down, and sat in silence.At the end of the math lesson, Mr. Ross handed me a diary and showed me the page were my schedule was. I checked for my next lesson and was disappointed to see that it was German. I had been learning German at my old school and I hated it. It was so boring but it wasnt optional. I put my diary into my bag, got up from my seat and was heading out of the door when I heard Romeo say; So what lesson you got now?I signed I got German from that sigh he could tell that I wasnt happy about it.Dont worry, I got German too and I hate it, but it aint optional, if it was up to me nobody would learning languages trust meI smiled at him. Those words made me feel a little bit better.Do you mind if I walk with you? he askedI answered SureIm Romeo he told me.I liked that name, the letter R I smiled to myse lfIm Khia I told him forgetting that he already knew my nameI know he said, I blushed and with that he smiled. I smiled back at him but that was a smile of embarrassment. So what school did you go to before coming here? he askedDouglas High I answeredCool cool I know people from there, from what Ive heard that schools alrightYea thats what I thought when I first started the schoolSo why did you leave? he askedI thought to myself, isnt this boy nosy. I didnt reply. Sorry for being so inner. We are here now he told meOh dont worry about it I saidHe smiled at that, I didnt really wanna tell anyone why I changed schools and I had my reasons. We were standing outside the class, Romeo decided to change the subject.I like your style he said smilingI like yours too, I said back, I really did like his style, in fact I loved his style.ThanksYour welcomeWe went into the classroom and sat down. We were sat next to each other. We were in complete silence simply because we had nothing to talk abo ut, until he asked me a question about German because he needed help.B-a-c-k-e-r-e-i I answeredFinally the bell went. In Douglas High we had six lessons but in St. Johns we have five lessons so I was quite happy about that. I started packing my books away into my bag.Im gonna meet up with my boys, Ill see you in the cafeteria soon. He said to meAll right see you later I answered backLater he saidThen he winked at me. He was off like a shot.3New FriendsI didnt know where the cafeteria was so I just followed the crowd. When I entered the cafeteria I went to get my food then started to look around for a table.I heard a female voice say; Khia! Right?I turned around to the direction of where the voice had come from. When I saw who it was I answered. The table was half full and everyone was munching.Yea, thats me I said politelyIm Chenelle, and this is Kerisha, Kelly, Shandrea and Chantay She said pointing to each girl We are the girls from 10a, you can jam with us if you want? she asked giving me a friendly smile.

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Essay

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Industries Signs with Harbor Payments for Accounts Receivable Automation - Essay Example Mohawk Industries, Inc. is the leading producer and distributor of carpet, rugs, stone, vinyl, ceramic tile, wood and laminate flooring, and all of the company's products are marketed under the most popular brands in this industry. Since the company has a lot of customers, this agreement is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the company's relations with them, i.e. facilitate the payment processes, as well as receiving and approving invoices and utilizing credits and discounts. Moreover, there will no longer be a need to print and mail checks. The company's officials also hope Harbor Payments system will boost the productiveness of their relations with their dealers, helping the latter be more profitable and efficient. It should not be overlooked, however, that Harbor Payments will obviously benefit from signing the agreement with Mohawk Industries, Inc., too. Mohawk Industries, Inc.'s decision to use the system offered by Harbor Payments will enable them to substitute the expensive and time-consuming process of printing and mailing invoices for delivering them through electronic channels which save both time and money;

Another new assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Another new assignment - Essay Example The patient, who is the direct recipient of the delivery of health care service, is the most qualified person to assess, evaluate and judge the quality of healthcare that he or she receives. If the patient is totally immobile or unconscious during the confinement in the health institution, then, the immediate relative (spouse, children) who regularly accompanies the patient and oversees the delivery of the required medical services, is the next authorized person to gauge the quality of health care rendered and received by the patient. Quality is measured in terms of customer perspectives with emphasis on the following: (1) accessibility and availability of service; (2) timely and safe delivery of service; (3) coordination and continuity of care between services; and (4) effectiveness of services (i.e., the delivery and outcome of care). (ibid. p. 74) Delaune & Ladner (2006) averred that â€Å"a healthcare organization must be concerned with doing the right things (efficiency, appropriateness) and doing the right things well (availability, timeliness, effectiveness, continuity, safety, efficiency, and respect and caring)† (p. 74) Quality measurement consists of evaluating three interrelated components: structure (philosophy, guidelines, facilities, financial resources, policies, procedures, and job descriptions); process (nursing care and standards of care); and finally, outcome (client’s health status, self-care abilities, acquisition of knowledge, and higher level of wellness). The steps enumerated in Table 1 utilized by John Groocock in a big manufacturing firm have some parallelism to the measurement of quality in a healthcare institution except that the terminologies and classifications are not exactly the same. As previously noted, the elements needed in evaluating the quality of care in a hospital setting fall under three categories: structure, process, and outcome.

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc Dissertation

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc - Dissertation Example In the year 2012, the operations of CRH Plc faced mixed economic conditions throughout all the countries in the world. For example, as on one hand the main markets in the United States faced improvement in its overall economic activity, while on the other side economic activity deteriorated in Europe, particularly in Netherlands due to a fall in the continued confidence of investors and consumers in Europe. As a result, the profit and earnings per share of the company in 2012 dropped by 5% and 7%, as compared to 2011. The profit and earnings per share of 2012 amounted to â‚ ¬674 million and 76.5c, whereas in 2011 it amounted to â‚ ¬711 million and 82.6c. The outcomes of 2012 resulted due to the progress in the operations of America helped by a strong recovery in residential construction which lead to an improvement in the overall economic activities in the United States. ... y components- Positive exchange effects of 2012 resulted due to the rise in the US dollar by 8% which lead to the rise sales and pre-tax profits by approximately 4%. Contributions by acquisitions made in 2011 and 2012 lead to a rise in sales revenue of â‚ ¬603million and operating profit of â‚ ¬33 million. Cost incurred in 2012 of â‚ ¬60million was similar to that of 2011(â‚ ¬61 million). Total impairment charges in 2012 were â‚ ¬174 million which was significantly higher than the previous year. In 2012, revenue generated from ongoing operations decreased by â‚ ¬384million. As compared to 2011, earnings per share declined by 7% (82.6c in 2011 to 76.5c in 2012) and cash earnings per share increased by 7% (194.0c in 2011 to 206.8c in 2012). In 2012 Operating profit margin declined to 4.5% and EBITDA margin by 0.4% as the selling price could not recover the increase in input costs. The price of the share of CRH Plc was â‚ ¬15.30 in 2012, as it showed a slight change as compared to 2011 (â‚ ¬15.36). But the dividend was 62.5c and the net return to the shareholders was positive 4%. The overall performance of CRH Plc. in 2012 shows a decline as compared to the performance in 2011. The decrease in the inventory turnover ratio and total assets turnover ratio as compared to 2011 also state the above. Total shareholders’ equity also remained unchanged in 2012 as the net comprehensive income for the year of â‚ ¬0.4 billion was balanced by dividends of â‚ ¬0.4 billion. The year-end net debt of â‚ ¬3 billion was only â‚ ¬0.5 billion lower than the previous year. This is reflected in the debt equity ratio, which also resulted in a decrease as to the previous year. The percentage of net debt to total equity reduced to 28%. But since assets were more as compared to the equity, proprietary ratio

The Great Catastrophe of Barings Essay Example for Free

The Great Catastrophe of Barings Essay Introduction In 1995, Barings Bank, the first merchant bank in the world met its downfall due to the Singapore International Monetary Exchange or SIMEXs act of a rogue trader. The reason behind the collapse of the Barings Bank lies under the failure of COSO (Committee on Sponsoring Organizations) Internal Control Integrated Framework application in the company in terms of: environment control, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication monitoring. The person who is behind COSO Framework is Nick Leeson. However, the same person violated the said framework without the knowledge of the bank that led to the downfall of the merchant bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper aims to discuss the causes of the collapse of Barings Bank. Specifically, it also intends examine why the bank failed to apply proper integration of COSO and how Nick Leeson contributed to the downfall of Barings. Control Environment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In every company, control environment is important in order to give knowledge to the employees and increase their environmental awareness. This provides employees with the necessary discipline in order to incorporate other internal control components to all business operations in the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Baring was on its first level of establishing its figure in SIMEX, Simon, who happened to be the supervisor of Nick Leesson, wanted to hire green traders. This means that in order to save money to be given out to employees, the company will only be accepting fresh graduates who do not demand high salaries. This is a great risk in the control environment that Barings took. SIMEX was internationally recognized financial institution which was ruled by highly competitive and knowledgeable traders. Thus, hiring ignorant traders who are not accustomed to the operations of SIMEX was a wrong move for Barings.   In addition, the responsibility of hiring traders should go under the company’s human resource and not with Nick Leeson. Once a trader is accepted for the job, the company should rigorously train him or her, provide him or her with the right resources, and teach him orher the necessary skills in trading.   Traders should not be brought to the trading floor until they fully master the trading system and procedures. The management philosophy of Barings as a company also appeared to be delinquent since the start of its operations. Simon already warned Leeson that the former was a bottom-line kind of person. Simon was someone who prioritized profitability over quality. For Leeson, loss and mistakes should be avoided at all costs, while maximizing profit. He did not care what steps should be taken in order for the company to earn money. The increase in profit was the only thing in his mind. In this situation, the delinquency philosophy of management was adopted. As per Simon’s instructions, Leeson and the other traders were obliged to always seek the most profitable option. Since they are pressured to do so, if a trader was not able to do his job well, they need to cover it up and find ways to settle the problem immediately in order to maintain the company’s reputation. The lack of human resource policies and procedures can be seen in the case of Kim, one of the traders. She was tasked to sell securities. However, she was not properly trained as a trader. Thus, she got confused about the deal and ended up buying security instead of selling. This mistake which is part of the 1st Barings liquidation can be avoided if only the company was able to check the background of Kim before hiring her. Leeson was not the only person who was pressurized by Simon. The Head of Barings Financial Products Ron Baker was also tasked by Simon to do things in order for them to receive bonuses. Going back to the case of Leeson, aside from work pressure, he was also going through some personal problems. His father-in-law had just died and he had lost an unborn child due to miscarriage. Because of the said incidents, his wife, Lisa, asked Leeson to resign from his job in Barings. She thought that her husband has been overworking for the company while he was not well-compensated. When he informed his supervisors that he was resigning, they suddenly gave him a special treatment. The company pampered him and gave him a special pass to trade for SIMEX when he was in London. He was also given the privilege to name his price when it came to bonuses and rewards. Although the employee retention strategy that the company used appears attractive, it had negative effects on Leeson. Providing this kind of privilege negatively affected his personality and his work performance. It caused him to become overconfident which led to insubordination as he tried to overpower his superiors. If only Simon or Ron had quickly discovered this transition in Leesons performance, they could have stopped him immediately from becoming a thief or an inefficient worker. Risk Assessment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk assessment is the companys ability to control the costs of materials occurring in the company. It also identifies the organization’s risks, and analyzes the potential and likelihood of costs. This is also important in order to assess that benefits should always be higher over costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Barings, the companys board management was not able to evaluate properly the risks of hiring new personnel in this new line of business. At that time, Barings was on the peak of expanding businesses all over the world. Because of his amazing performance in Jakarta where he was able to solve bonds problem, most of the responsibilities were assigned to Leeson. He was given a lot of power being the manager of the trading floor and the settlement office. He gained authority in giving permission to all transactions and activities involving the trading market. Giving him much authority was a grave mistake as it placed the company at risk. He easily manipulated the accounting system which was supposed to be for trading purposes only. There was a time when Leeson authorized trading floor transactions without the banks approval. Although there were auditors who examined incoming and outgoing transactions, they were easily bribed and manipulated by Leeson. He was also accountable for hiring traders who were not skilled and trained. Control Activities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Control activities focus on safeguarding the assets of the company. This involves segregating the duties of employees, authorizing transactions, documentation and checking incoming and outgoing deals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were control deficiencies in the newly put up Barings in Singapore. However, it was raised accordingly on the management’s table. Leesons case was about the missing 7.78 billion yen which was demanded by the external auditor for him to explain where such huge amount went to. The auditor required Leeson to present 3 valid documents which can prove that the money was not missing and was used properly. Due to the lack of internal control within the company, Leeson was able to produce the documents immediately. Although the management was already notified, there was no investigation conducted to see more supporting evidence where such materials came from. There were no independent checks made by the higher management to ensure that the internal controls were implemented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responsibilities were also not properly segregated in Barings. Leeson was the man responsible for both the trading floor and the settlement office, both risk-taking and reconciliation activities. In addition, there were no internal controls that can prevent Leeson from conducting certain control procedures. Since he had the custody of the transactions on the trading floor, he was also the one who authorized the transactions between Barings’ clients and SIMEX. At the same time, he also had the power to determine which authorized entries would be recorded into the journal and what reconciliation was supposed to be made at the end of the month. If there was a higher management responsible for controlling activities in the company, the company could easily detect the activities of Leeson which the company would never authorize Leeson to do. The control activities that were established in Barings were not structured and conducted properly. There were plenty of loopholes that could be taken advantage of. Information and Communication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial reports are vital materials in every company. In proccessing financial reports, having an established information and communication procedure is very important. This procedure enables the employees to understand their responsibilities in making company financial reports. This also involves the accounting system which records, processes, and summarizes the transactions concerning the companys assets and liabilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lack of information and communication can be seen in the case of Barings. The company was only looking forward to the end of the month period where they gain profits. It did not seek to understand how and why the company achieved such profits; it only sought profitability and less accountability. Barings financial reports lacked accuracy. Thus, Leeson was able to do fraudulent activities while exploiting the companys resources. Even though Simon was curious about the missing 7.78 billion yen, he just demander for a brief report and did not ask for a more extensive investigation concerning the money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barings accounting system was also horrible as it was not properly controlled. Because of this, Leeson was able to manipulate every amount of transactions that were entered in the system. The financial statements that were given to the higher management were altered by Leeson first before they were presented to the board of entity. Meanwhile, Simon may be the main reason why Leeson turned out to be like that. He should be the one responsible in monitoring and supervising Leeson. However, he preferred to be preoccupied with the results—whether the company made a huge profit or not. Monitoring   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company activities should undergo monitoring process in order to fully asses the quality and performance over time. This can be evaluated by internal auditors through financial reports, Continual management review of exception and operation reports, an auditing per period basis and a Regulator’s suggestions for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Politics is considerably present in Barings organizational structure. Improper support from the board members or a senior executive is given to the internal audit department. The missing 7.78 billion yen was not sensationalized and the news subsided easily without further investigation. Leeson easily made ways to make that 7.78 billion yen case vanished into thin air. The quality of Leesons work was not properly monitored. The senior executives were easily confined on Leesons explanation rather than going through the reports that were submitted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the audit personnel that were sent to audit Nick’s work did not possess the appropriate level of expertise. Nick was at first given a very strict and competent auditor but due to lack of support from the board of members, she was later called back to London due to some political issues and two rookies were sent to audit Nick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too much trust on Leeson that lead to the downfall of Baring lies on his managers accountability and the internal audit as well. Simon was not able to focus attention on Leesons performance like for instance when one of Leeson’s traders was making a mistake; and both Ron and Tony, the Senior Settlement Clerk from London, was not able to monitor Nick’s works properly. Tony was only ferreting around Nick’s office for about a month and found nothing. There was a total mess in Barings’ management reviews; there was literally no monitoring on Nick’s doings. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are warnings given to the management but they refuse to accept the fact behind it. Profitability blinded them so much believing that it measure success. Since Barings is a big corporation, segregation of responsibilities should be given properly and at the same time employee should understand true responsibility and discipline. Proper training should be given to newly hired individuals so that they will not be lost in their filed of work. There are problems that can be easily solved because of signs along the way but the management chose to ignore it and carry on with operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too much slacking in the internal control was present in Barings. Leeson was able to perform nasty activities and he has vast opportunities that made him loss his integrity. He relied too much on Simons demand of gaining profit every end of the month. His mind is focused on this goal that he made dishonest ways of achieving it. He made things beyond his control even manipulating transactions and financial reports. Too much greed led to Barings bankruptcy and his imprisonment. With the additional pressure and problems that he was facing from both his marital and company side, as a regular human being, it was just a matter of time before he would crack open.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Taking immediate actions could cut Barings losses. Barings should be able to overcome this financial shock, only if the board of entity and higher management had responded spontaneously to the problems that they were facing. Everyone was surprised to know that Leeson who was a well trusted employee counter attack them by his power. Devising a solution immediately can be done to counter the companys loss. Securities should be prioritized to avoid another kind of scenario like Barings downfall. The case of Barings teaches the importance of internal controls in every   company’s success. Right management and good supervision is needed in every company. Dedicated and honest employees are needed to lead the company and do managerial decisions that results in a win-win situation. Better internal controls are needed to fully analyze company transactions. A lesson well learned from Barings that will avoid future company losses in the future.